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If Ruth Sartori, EdM, RN, CSN and her colleagues
have their way, a bill before Congress will become law and extend
veterans’ benefits to thousands of women who served stateside in the
Cadet
Nurse Corps during World War II. More important,
Sartori says, the law would honor those who served but who received
no official recognition.
"We want to let the world know that we were contributing to our
country in World War II," says Sartori, 78, a
retired school nurse who helps coordinate the movement.
"During the war, there was a critical shortage of nursing—even
worse than now." She and her colleagues feel entitled to the
same benefits enjoyed by other veterans and wartime nurses, such as
the Women's Army Corps, since the Cadet Nurse Corps was part of the
United States Public Health Service (USPHS).
The United States Cadet Nurse Corps was created by Congress during
World War II as Public Law 74 in 1943 to fill the gap left by experienced
nurses recruited for overseas service. It was a uniformed service
created to provide essential service by supplying nurses for military,
federal government, and essential civilian hospitals for the
duration of the war. Nearly 124,000 young women signed up
for the scholarship program and served for the remainder of the war in
hospitals nationwide. "Many girls entered the corps and,
without them, these hospitals would have shut down,"
Sartori says.
The nurses-to-be received free tuition, books, and
uniforms, as well as a monthly stipend, at state-accredited
schools that had accelerated their programs of study. In exchange,
the students
would serve as military or civilian nurses for the war's
duration. Senior cadets completed residencies at school hospitals
or at state, federal, military, or public hospitals
or clinics. Nurses enrolled before the war's end in 1945 were
allowed to finish their studies; the scholarship program ended in 1948.
The program offered thousands of young women a once-in-a-lifetime
chance to earn college degrees. Students followed a strict regimen
that involved wearing military-style uniforms, adhering to curfews
in dorm-like settings (usually in sections of hospitals converted into
living quarters), and submitting to bed checks by strict
housemothers. Cadets were forbidden to marry until graduation.
Finding nurses who can become politically involved has not been easy.
Sartori finally got 700 names from the Women's Memorial in Arlington,
Virginia, which documents the contributions of women during wartime.
She sent form letters to about 10 cadets who helped her get the word out
to the hundreds of others. The grassroots campaign has steadily
picked up steam in two years.
On January 29, 2003, the U.S. Cadet Nurse
Corps Equity Act of 2003, HR 476, was introduced in the
House. On July 8, 2003, the House Resolution HR
313 was introduced commemorating the 60th Anniversary of
the Cadet Nurse Corps. Senate Concurrent Resolution SCR 72
was introduced on October 3, 2003, commemorating the 60th
Anniversary of the Cadet Nurse Corps. On November 24, 2003,
a companion bill, S 1948, was introduced in the Senate to
grant "veteran status" to the World War II United States Cadet
Nurse Corps members.
IT IS NECESSARY TO SEND LETTERS TO YOUR CONGRESSIONAL REPRESENTATIVES,
ASKING THEM TO CO-SPONSOR AND VOTE IN SUPPORT OF THESE BILLS. CALL YOUR
LIBRARY TO OBTAIN LOCAL CONGRESSIONAL MEMBERS’ ADDRESSES AND THEIR
TELEPHONE NUMBERS. FOLLOW UP WITH PHONE CALLS.
Click here for the
House of Representatives letter.
Click here for the
Senate letter.
The letters are viewable with Adobe
Reader,
which is available for free download
here.
If you need a replacement "Cadet Nurse Card" please contact::
National Archives and Records Administration
Archives II at College Park, Md.
Textual Archives Services Division
Reference Services
8601 Adelphi Road, Rm. 2400
College Park, Md. 20740 |
Main: 301-837-3510
Toll-free: 1-866-272-6272
TDD line: 301-837-0482
E-email:
archives2reference@nara.gov Fax 301-837-1752
|
Wait approximately 2 weeks for a response.
The following information is required to process a request
To register at the Women’s Memorial as a "Cadet Nurse"
telephone (800) 222-2294.
Editor’s note: Ruth Sartori RN died March 15, 2004. For
more information on passage of these bills, please contact: Anne
R. Kakos RN, 28 Mulberry Street, Yonkers, New York 10701, (914) 476-8738.
Created to ease the nursing shortage, the Cadet Nurse Corps had
the unintended effect of upgrading nursing schools nationwide. And
it can serve as a model now to those seeking resolution to a similar
nursing crisis; the Nurse Reinvestment Act, signed into law on
August 1, 2002, by President George W. Bush,
offers incentives for nursing recruitment including loan reimbursements
and increased career options.
(Portions from American Journal of Nursing, March
2003)